Shipping cargo in semi-trailers using tractors

Tractors are self-propelled vehicles designed to tow non-self-propelled vehicles. Non-self-propelled transport includes certain agricultural and construction machines, malfunctioning self-propelled machines, as well as trailers and semi-trailers. This article will focus on tractors designed for towing trailers and semi-trailers on public roads.

Types of tractors

Tractors widely used for transporting commercial cargo can be divided into:

• Those intended for towing trailers.
• Those intended for towing semi-trailers. Such vehicles are more commonly referred to as saddle tractors.

Saddle tractors are typically built on the basis of existing trucks. In this case, the previously designed frame of the vehicle becomes significantly shorter. Instead of body structures, a fifth wheel coupling device is placed on the frame, to which the semi-trailer is attached. Among heavy and medium trucks, saddle tractors are one of the most common modifications.

Compared to regular trucks, saddle tractors stand out with high efficiency. This is explained by the low weight of the vehicle itself with high load capacity. Due to high efficiency, the cost of shipping with saddle tractors is lower. Another advantage of such transport is greater maneuverability compared to truck combinations with trailers. Additionally, tractors are not involved in loading and unloading operations and can be operated during their production.

How to choose a tractor

When selecting a specific tractor, logistics specialists should consider the tasks it needs to accomplish.

Important parameters include:

• Wheel formula. Vehicles used as tractors with a 4x2 formula will not be able to tow more than 11 tons of cargo. Therefore, if large-tonnage transportation is planned, it is advisable to choose a vehicle with a wheel formula of: 6x4; 6x6; 8x2 or 8x4.
• Coupling height. For transporting standard cargo semi-trailers, tractors with an average coupling height are used. If the tractor will tow a low-loader or a dump trailer, the coupling should be higher.
• Engine class. If the tractor you hire needs to transport cargo in the EU, it should be noted that a tractor not meeting modern European environmental standards will not be able to cross the border.
• Load capacity. It must correspond to the transported cargo.

When choosing a tractor based on shipping cost, it is important to note that the lowest prices are typically offered by private truck owners and small transport companies. Such owners rarely have modern tractors in good technical condition. Their service is also limited to the transportation itself. They cannot offer cargo insurance or assistance with paperwork and customs clearance. Large transport companies do not have these shortcomings, but their prices are somewhat higher.