Organization of international cargo transportation from Georgia. The state of transport infrastructure in Georgia

Georgia is a post-Soviet state in the South Caucasus. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Georgia's economy suffered serious losses. Currently, Georgia is classified as a developing country. More than 50% of its population is still employed in agriculture. However, there is industry in Georgia, including modern sectors such as aircraft manufacturing. The volumes of high-tech production are very small. Currently, Georgia is a net importer, meaning that the volumes of foreign products imported into the country significantly exceed the volumes of its own products exported for a long time.

Types of transport used for transportation to and from Georgia

Despite the not-so-good state of the economy, Georgia is a fairly developed and modern country. All types of modern transport: water, road, air, and rail are present, and there is corresponding infrastructure for them. The transport infrastructure of Georgia is used not only for delivering cargo to the country and exporting it from there but also for transiting cargo through its territory. Georgia shares land borders with Russia, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia. By sea, its neighbors are the countries of the Black Sea basin. Georgia is an important part of transport corridors in this part of the world.

The state of Georgian roads

The quality of the road surface on most Georgian roads is high. However, Georgia is a mountainous country, with winding roads, long descents, and ascents making up a large part of the transport routes. Landslides and avalanches periodically occur in the mountains, blocking roads. Clearing such blockages, even on major highways, can take a long time. Attention! The Georgian road police do not take bribes. At all. Attempting to bribe, when violating traffic rules, instead of paying a fine, will certainly lead to even greater troubles.

There are no toll roads in Georgia. However, foreign-registered vehicles are required to purchase a local version of OSAGO (compulsory insurance). Georgia has not joined the GreenCard system, and a policy from a local insurance operator must be purchased at the border. Depending on the type of vehicle and the duration of stay in Georgia, the price of the policy can range from 5 to 197 euros. The total length of roads in Georgia is 20,500 km, of which 1,206 km are unpaved roads. The length of highways is 69 km.

Infrastructure for cargo delivery by air

Georgia has 22 operational airports; however, only 18 of them have paved runways (RWY). At the same time, the length of the RWY at most airports does not allow for the landing of the most modern airliners. There are three international airports in Georgia. They are located in the cities of:

• Tbilisi.
• Batumi.
• Kutaisi.

Cargo delivery by water

Georgia has access to the Black Sea, and through it to the Mediterranean Sea and the world's oceans. Maritime cargo transportation provides the country with connections to all continents. About three-quarters of the cargo in Georgian ports consists of oil and petroleum products. Georgia has 5 seaports:

1. Batumi.
2. Sukhumi.
3. Supsa.
4. Poti.
5. Kulevi.

Oil terminals are located in the ports of Batumi and Supsa.

Georgian railways

The length of the general-purpose railways in Georgia is 1,540 km. All of them are electrified. The main cargo transported on these roads is oil and petroleum products. For carriers from CIS countries, an important point is that the gauge of Georgian railways is 1,520 mm. Accordingly, there is the possibility of delivering cargo to and from Georgia by rail without transshipment along the way.

Georgia's exports

The main items of Georgian exports are the sale of ferroalloys, metal scrap, gold, copper ore, fertilizers, alcohol, and wine in foreign markets. About 10% of Georgian exports consist of re-exporting cars to other countries that were imported into Georgian territory from foreign states.